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FQC & Packaging-Multilayer PC Board Process

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As technology continues to evolve, multilayer PC boards are increasingly being used in many industries. Multilayer PCBs offer greater levels of complexity and reliability than traditional single-layer PCBs, making them an ideal choice for many applications. Here, we’ll explore the process of creating and using multilayer PCBs, from final quality control (FQC) to packaging.

FQC is a critical part of any PCB manufacturing process, as it ensures that the products being manufactured are of the highest quality and free from defects. This allows manufacturers to deliver a reliable and safe product to their customers, which helps to build trust in the company’s products. After an item passes through FQC, it then enters into the packaging phase of the production process. Packaging plays an important role in protecting the item while also displaying its features or functions to potential buyers.

Multilayer PCBs often require special attention during packaging due to their fragility and intricate design. For example, they should be placed into an antistatic bag or a protective casing before being shipped out. Moreover, you need extra care when shipping them to prevent them from getting damaged or lost during transit. Manufacturers must also make sure that their multilayer PCBs comply with regulatory guidelines regarding hazardous materials, shipping labels, etc.

By taking all these necessary steps, manufacturers can help ensure that their multilayer PCBs reach their customers in perfect condition.

What Is A Multilayer PCB?

A multilayer Printed Circuit Board is a type of circuit board that consists of multiple layers of copper and other materials stacked together to create a single unit. The multiple layers of the PCB allow for more components, and more complex circuit designs, than are possible with a single-layer PCB. Multilayer PCBs are suitable for various electronic products, from mobile phones to televisions.

A multilayer PCB typically consists of at least four layers: the core, the ground plane, the power plane, and the signal layers. The core layer is the base of the board and provides structural support for the other layers.

The ground plane acts as an electrical shield for the other layers, providing a reference point for signals to flow through.

The power plane provides power to the circuit, while the signal layers contain the traces and pads that connect the components of the circuit.

The advantages of multilayer PCBs include their ability to provide a large number of electrical connections in a small area and their low-cost production. Besides, they are relatively easy to repair and maintain, making them ideal for high-volume production and product design.

The Benefits Of A Multilayer PCB

Multilayer printed circuit boards offer significant advantages over single-layer PCBs in terms of size, complexity, and cost. By minimizing the space required for electrical connections, multilayer PCBs allow designers to create compact, lightweight products.

The multilayer PCB also offers great signal integrity, as it can handle higher frequencies than a single-layer board. Multilayer PCBs are also more durable than single-layer boards as they are less prone to cracking due to their greater thickness and fewer layers.

These boards are easier to work with, as the designer only needs to assemble one set of components, instead of the multiple sets required for single-layer boards. This makes them ideal for applications where cost and time are critical.

The Process Of Manufacturing A Multilayer PCB

After PCB design, it’s time to begin the manufacturing process. This is an incredibly complex and time-consuming process that requires highly specialized equipment and skillful professionals.

First, you have to print the layers of the PCB onto a flexible circuit substrate. This substrate contains the electrical pathways that make up the circuit boards. These pathways are etched out using either chemical or mechanical methods. This process can take several hours, depending on the size and complexity of the board.

After the layers printing, you have to laminate them together with heat and pressure. This ensures that all of the components and traces remain in place while being soldered. During this step, all of the holes for the components and other features are also drilled.

In the end, it’s time to assemble the board, which involves soldering all the components in their respective places. You have to do it by hand or with automated equipment, depending on the size of the project. After soldering, comes the board’s testing to ensure that all of the components are functioning properly. If everything checks out, then the multilayer PCB is ready for use.

Testing A Multilayer PCB

You have to test a PCB after manufacturing to ensure that all components are functioning properly. Moreover, the board should meet the customer’s specifications. Depending on the complexity of the design, the testing procedure may require multiple tests to confirm the board’s performance.

FQC-Final Quality Control Test for PCB

FQC is an essential step in the Printed Circuit board Fabrication process of any printed circuit board. This is especially true for multilayer PCBs, which have more layers and complex designs. FQC is an important part of the manufacturing process because it ensures that the board meets all of the design and quality specifications required.

FQC stands for Final Quality Control. It is the process of testing a multilayer PCB (printed circuit board) to make sure that it meets the manufacturer’s quality standards and is free from any defects or faults.

FQC involves performing tests on each layer of the board to ensure that all components, traces, and other features are placed correctly and working properly. The tests include visual inspection, electrical testing, functionality tests, thermal cycling tests, and more. FQC also ensures that the board is well-packaged and ready for shipping.

By thoroughly testing the board, you can detect any possible issues before it is shipped out, which saves time and money in the long run. FQC also allows manufacturers to remain compliant with industry standards, such as IPC standards.

The Testing Processes

Visual Inspection: Visual inspection of the multilayer PCB is one of the simplest but most important tests for FQC. This includes inspecting for proper solder joint formation, ensuring all components are mounted correctly, and checking for any shorts, opens, or other potential defects.

Electrical Testing: Electrical testing checks the electrical characteristics of the multilayer PCB and helps ensure it meets the specifications set out in the design. Tests such as ICT (In-Circuit Test), flying probe test, boundary scan test, and functional testing help measure the board’s electrical parameters and performance.

Thermal Testing: Thermal testing measures how well the multilayer PCB dissipates heat. This is an important test for understanding the temperature of various components on the board and making sure they don’t exceed their limits. Tests such as IR reflow, convection oven, thermal shock, and mechanical vibration can be used to perform this type of testing.

Burn-In Test: The burn-in test helps find any weak components on the board and make sure they will last throughout its life cycle. You have to heat the board to a certain temperature and maintain it for a specific amount of time. If any components fail this test, they will be replaced with more reliable ones before shipping.

By performing all these tests, manufacturers can guarantee that the boards they ship are of high quality and able to function properly.

PCB Packaging

The last step in the multilayer PC Board Fabrication process is packaging. This involves protecting the delicate components on the board from environmental damage and ensuring that it is safe for transport and use. Depending on the application, this could involve encasing the board in a protective shell, adding shock-absorbing features, or both. The type of PCB packaging depends on the size of the board, the environment in which it will work, and the overall design of the board.

Packaging not only serves to protect the board and its components but can also have an aesthetic function. For example, if you are using your multilayer PCB in a consumer product, packaging can add a layer of branding to the device, making it look more professional and attractive to potential customers.

No matter what type of packaging is there, it should provide robust protection against physical damage, dust, and moisture, as well as electromagnetic interference. If the board will be subject to extreme temperatures or pressure, special packaging may be required to protect it from these conditions.

So, packaging plays an important role in the fabrication process of a multilayer PCB. It provides protection for the board and its components, as well as adds an aesthetic element to the device. Furthermore, FQC must be performed on the packaged board to ensure that it is fully functional and meets any applicable industry standards.

Final Thoughts

FQC stands for Final Quality Control. It is the process of making sure that the product being manufactured meets all the specifications required by the customer. This includes a thorough inspection of the product, testing its performance and quality, as well as verifying any customer-specific requirements. FQC is a typical process to test consumer electronics, medical equipment, automotive parts, and other complex products.

After completing all tests on a multilayer PCB, it is ready for use in its intended application.

Would like to know more about the FQC Packaging in the multilayer PCB or prototype pcb manufacturer? Email us at sales@pnconline.com

All about PC BOARD Plating Finishes

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The usage of PC BOARD is vast in electronic devices, like computers to cell phones, so their construction and design are crucial for proper operation. One of the most important aspects of PCB design is the finish of the board. There are several plating finishes available for PCBs, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. Here, we will discuss the different types of PCB plating finishes and their various applications.

Electroplating for PCB

When it comes to PCB finish, you will find electroplating at the top. It involves the use of an electric current to deposit a thin layer of metal onto the surface of the board. The metal in this case can be usually gold, silver, or copper.

The thin layer of metal acts as a protective barrier against corrosion and oxidation, and also provides electrical insulation. You can adjust the thickness of the layer to meet specific requirements. Moreover, the metal is easy to deposit in a variety of shapes and sizes.

Immersion Tin Plating

Another PCB plating finish is tin plating which involves the deposition of a thin layer of the tin onto the board. Manufacturers often prefer tin for its low cost, besides, it has excellent corrosion resistance and electrical insulation capabilities.  It is also known as white tin and copper is finished with a thin layer of tin. It is an electroless process that involves a chemical bath.

Tin plating is ideal for circuit boards being used in high-temperature environments, such as those found in automotive electronics. Generally, manufacturers use it as a soldering medium, as it is relatively soft and easy to work with.

Immersion Gold

Another plating finish for PCBs is immersion gold. This technique involves a special electroplating bath that contains gold particles. A PCB Manufacturer will put the board in this bath to attract the gold particles to the surface of the board. This process provides excellent corrosion resistance and electrical insulation. Tin plating makes a circuit board highly reliable. Gold plating is the most expensive but also the most durable. It is used mainly in high-end electronics due to superior corrosion resistance.

There are two ways to use gold, either it is soft gold or hard gold. The soft gold is wire bonded to provide better conductivity and the gold does not vanish during soldering. Soft gold plating involves current so, it is electrolytic.

On the other hand, hard gold plating involves hardeners, and it is also known as deep gold plating because the entire nickel surface is immersed in the plating tank. The process is also electrolytic as soft gold plating.

ENIG- Electroless Nickle Immersion Gold

The name is so because a thin layer of gold is there on the nickel. Before gold, manufacturers apply nickel to copper to prevent gold and copper from mixing into each other. It involves an electroless technique to apply the metallic layer on the board surface without any current. The process depends on the chemical reaction. The application of this process occurs either before soldering or after it. If you plate the entire copper with gold, it will increase the plating cost. The gold gets absorbed while soldering.

ENIG provides a smooth surface for SMD, surface mount devices, and BGA, ball grid arrays. Gold provides excellent electrical conduction.

Hot Air Solder Level-HASL-Plating Finish

This is a simple plating technique that involves molten solder. You have to dip the PCB into the molten tin and lead alloy. It is cheaper than other methods. It covers the copper surface and then you have to level the board with a hot air knife. The HASL provides you with excellent soldering surface and SMT and large parts. Don’t use it for smaller SMT, moreover, it does not suit the FTP (fine pitch technology).

It has a high processing temperature of up to 260-270˚C which can damage the board due to stress. Since it involves lead, it is not a compliant material according to RoHS standards in the U.S. it is not a good option for those who want a lead-free PCB.

Lead-Free HASL

Those who want HASL in their PCBs but avoid it due to lead can have lead-free material. The entire soldering process is as HASL excluding lead. Hence, it is compatible with RoHS so it is safer than HASL.

Anodizing for PCB

Anodizing involves the use of an electrolytic solution to deposit a thin layer of metal onto the board. Anodizing provides excellent corrosion resistance and electrical insulation, and it is ideal for boards that require a high level of performance.

Electroless Nickel Plating-ENP

It is the most common plating finish for PCBs and has good corrosion resistance and conductivity properties. It is an economical choice and provides a good bonding surface for components. The plating process involves immersing the board into a bath of salts and acids, which deposits a thin layer of nickel coating onto the board. Then you have to polish the layer to get a mirror-like finish to provide a smooth surface and enhance the electrical properties of the board.

ISP/Immersion Silver Plating

The main purpose of immersion silver is to corrosion in copper and enhance its soldering ability. However, it is not long-lasting like other finishes and should be stored in sheets to avoid tarnishing.

Silver plating provides a smooth surface for SMD, moreover, it is highly conductive. Moreover, it is free from lead and environment-friendly and can bear strong signals. You have to apply immersion silver before soldering but after etching.

OSP or Organic Surface Plating

This technique uses an organic chemical to finish the copper surface. It has a short life, so you should immediately assemble the board after its application. It provides a flat surface for pcb assembly.  Moreover, it is free from lead, so it is not toxic to the environment. The process involves a chemical bath that should be applied after other processes.

Each of these different types of plating finishes for PCBs has its advantages and disadvantages, and it is important to choose the one that suits your application.

Things to Consider While PCB Plating

When selecting a plating finish for a PCB, there are several factors to consider. The thickness of the plating layer, the type of metal used, and the environment in which the board will function, all should be considered while selecting the best plating finish for a PCB. For example, if you are going to use the board in a corrosive environment, gold plating may be the best choice.

Whereas, if cost is a major concern, tin plating may be the most suitable option. There are also other considerations when selecting a PCB plating finish. For example, the plating thickness should be considered, as this will affect the performance of the board. The thickness should be sufficient to provide the necessary electrical connection between the components and the board.

Moreover, you should apply the plating evenly to ensure a good electrical connection. Another important consideration is the type of surface finish as it should be compatible with the plating this is because some plating finishes require a certain type of surface finish. For example, gold plating requires a different surface finish than tin plating.

The plating should be compatible with the board components. This is important because some components may not be compatible with certain plating finishes. In these cases, it may be necessary to use a different type of plating.

Frequently Asked Question

What is PCB plating?

To have high-quality PCBs, a variety of plating finishes are there to provide protection from corrosion and wear, and to enhance the electrical conductivity of the board

What Are The Types Of Gold Plating?

There are two ways to use gold plating, either it is soft gold or hard gold. The soft gold is wire bonded to provide better conductivity. The hard gold plating process involves hardeners. Both types involve current.

What To Consider While PCB Plating?

You have to consider the thickness of the plating layer, the type of metal finish, and the environment in which the board will function.

Final Thoughts

In conclusion, there are several types of PCB plating finishes available, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. Electroplating, tin plating, immersion gold plating, and anodizing are the four most common types of plating finishes used for PCBs. It is important to choose the type of plating finish that best suits your application, as the wrong choice could lead to poor performance or even failure of the board. Copper plating is also popular, as it provides good electrical conductivity and is relatively low-cost.

Silver plating is also used on PCBs, but it is more expensive than other options and is not as widely used. In addition to these primary finishes, there are a variety of other finishes that can be used to enhance the performance of a PCB. For example, solder masking can be used to protect against accidental soldering. This can be applied as a layer over the primary finish and helps to prevent shorts and other electrical issues.

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Latest Development in the Printed Circuit Board Industry

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If you look at the history of printed circuit board, you will see continuous development. PCB design has changed with time due to changing technology. These days, manufacturers feel a lot of pressure as they have to build circuit boards with the futuristic demands in terms of function. The latest PCB development is due to IoT (the internet of things).

The digital era is full of smart devices which need compact circuit boards with several layers. It is a great challenge for manufacturers to make smart PCBs maintaining their basic function. PCB assembly becomes hard for those who don’t follow the latest assembly trends. The main approach of the manufacturers is to create low-volume products to test their function before moving to mass manufacturing.

The cost of advanced PCBs is also increasing that’s why manufacturers are using the latest techniques to reduce the cost. Let’s discuss the new trends in design and manufacturing.

Autoplacers are Trendy

Now, design has auto places, as they help in fast assembly and the end product becomes more effective. A design with autoplacers involves automation that helps have autorouters to save assembly time and speed up its marketing. Moreover, CAD software and autoplacers have made it easy to develop a multi-layer PCB.

Boards are Becoming More Powerful

New advances demand high-power circuit boards which can handle a high voltage of up to 48V or above. Today’s devices have high-power boards because they can have more components and high-power batteries to work for longer.

Though a PCB is getting more effective, it’s also getting thinner and lighter than before. The latest PCB is better in terms of heat absorption, as it can tolerate high temperatures and is good at heat dissipation.

Easy Waste Management

It is essential to manage the waste while making electronics, as it affects the environment, causing pollution. So, engineers are making biodegradable PCBs to protect the environment from chemicals. Moreover, biodegradability helps separate metals from waste, such as gold, silver, tantalum, and palladium, and reuse them after refining them. Moreover, there is no hassle of mining such metals, so you can save lots of energy and money.

More Flexible Circuit Boards

A PC Board has to be more flexible to provide smart functions. You can install many components on the board in low-volume production. A flexible circuit board is better than a rigid board as it can manage bending and mode issues. You can have any shape out of a flexible PCB. Besides, the through-hole assembly of a PCB also becomes easier if it’s flexible. Lots of medical equipment have flexible circuit boards, as they help accommodate advanced features.

Some Future Trends of PCBs

PCB is going through massive upgrades regarding design, accessories, components, and advanced electronics. Manufacturers use practical techniques to develop PCBs to meet the new demands, and there is always some growth in this industry. In the future, you will see exciting developments as described below.

  • You will see advanced cameras with PCBs in many industries, such as medical equipment, electronics, and surveillance.
  • Electronic gadgets with 3D-printed circuit boards will have a better design and function.
  • According to research, a flexible circuit board had a huge demand and its market value in 2022 was approx. $27billion.
  • The future will have less traditional and more advanced PCB with a through-hole and surface mount technology. However, new technologies are essential due to the reduced sizes of the devices, so manufacturers should work on them more.

PCB designers are creating more flexible and contemporary boards in alliance with engineers. You will see recyclable materials in small circuit boards having a wireless function. Besides, a PCB is getting more energy-efficient and portable and is capable of providing artificial intelligence AI.

The new technology involves more legal standards, so you have to consider it. The latest technology is making PCB assemblers more expert at managing new design trends and construction techniques. You will see better standards due to continuous development in the PCB industry.

The Growth Trends in a PCB Market

There is a huge market in different industries, such as automotive, industrial, consumer electronics, healthcare equipment, aerospace, defense IT, communication, geography, etc. PCB is either single-sided, multilayer, or HDI, and a multi-layer PCB is increasing in demand due to compact devices.

Now, we will discuss the PCB market in terms of revenue which varies according to its application.

Consumer Electronics: The CTA (Consumer Technology Associates) shows that the revenue of the consumer electronics industry in the U.S. was around 5.2 billion dollars in 2022. Such a revenue happened for the first time, as it was 2.8% more than the revenue earned in 2021 which means more PCBs are in demand.

Connected Vehicles: You will see PCBs in vehicles because of a wireless technology that connects you to each other while traveling. You can connect a vehicle to a smartphone or other such devices. You can track your car, check the weather, unlock the car, check the battery status, and much more just because of smart technology. So, a PCB makes all these wireless and remote features effective.

HDI Circuit Boards: High-density PCBs are also developing faster due to high demand. Such boards help connect smart devices and boost signal transmission, providing effective routing.

Biodegradable PCBs: The market for safe PCB materials is increasing due to pollution and landfills. New materials are easy to reuse, instead of putting them in the waste or burning them. This development will increase in the coming years, giving us more green and recyclable materials.

 Which PCB Market Has More Share?

According to research, PCB in consumer electronics is growing faster, and the industry is making more money than before. This is because smart devices are developing and continue to grow due to the increased population. Research by Ericson experts shows that smartphone users will go up to 7,840 million by 2027, whereas this figure was only 5,950 million in 2020.

PCB manufacturing is increasing due to compact laptops, mobile phones, and tablets. PCB companies are focusing more on design to meet customers’ requirements.

More vendors are there in the U.S. market to fill the demand for consumer electronics, according to the APCI (American Progressive Circuits Inc). Manufacturers get a CAD-based PCB design and convert it into a circuit board in a short time which helps in mass production. So, the latest PCB manufacturing techniques can help you to have more production in a little time. It is easy to have a customized PCB with the help of the latest design software.

The demand for PCB is also increasing due to smart TVs and online TV apps, such as Netflix, Sky Go, Amazon Prime, and Google Play. So smart TVs will adopt the latest PCBs now and in the future.

Research by CTA shows that smartwatches made $7.1 billion in revenue in the United States, in 2022 which was 8% more than revenue in 2021. Whereas the earbuds made 3% more revenue in 2022. So, all these developments show an increase in PCB manufacturing.

Latest PCBs in Asia Pacific

As automotive and electronics are growing fast in the Asia Pacific, the market for PCB is also increasing. This region is also becoming the center of semiconductors in the whole world, increasing PCB manufacturing.

The IoT is getting popular and has become the key factor in enhancing PCB sales in the Asia Pacific. The high-level function of PCBs and their assembly flexibility ensure their future growth.

PCB production and consumption are high in China which is a hub of PCB assemblers and manufacturers. You will see high-tech PCB manufacturers in China who makes various types of boards, such as:

  • High-Frequency PCBs
  • Multi-layer PCB
  • Heavy Copper PCB
  • HDI PCB
  • Metal Core PCB
  • Prototype PCB
  • Flexible PCB
  • Many others

Other than China, India is also making electronics and there is a huge demand for PCBs. Moreover, the automotive and aerospace industries will have increased sales in Asia Pacific and worldwide. All these advancements motivate PCB designers and fabricators to develop highly effective circuit boards and introduce new techniques in this regard.

Final Words

Printed circuit boards go through a design and assembly process which is developing faster due to fast technology. New PCBs are more flexible because manufacturers want them to fit into different types of electronics. PCB is going through massive upgrades regarding design, accessories, components, and advanced electronics. Manufacturers use practical techniques to develop PCBs to meet the new demands, and there is always some growth in this industry.

The cost of advanced PCBs is also increasing that’s why manufacturers are using the latest techniques to reduce the cost. Engineers are making biodegradable PCBs to protect the environment from chemicals. PCB designers are creating more flexible and contemporary products. Besides, a PCB is getting more energy-efficient and portable and is capable of providing artificial intelligence AI.

Would like to know more about the latest development in the PCB industry or printed circuit board assembly? Email us at sales@pnconline.com

PCB Board Assembly Pricing Strategies

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PCB manufacturing is often costly as it involves lots of processes. Especially, some factors increase the cost, such as a large production, PCB with many vias, very small holes and traces, and a circuit board loaded with components. But, the increase in cost is non-linear, if the board quantity is double, it won’t make the total fabrication cost double. As PCB manufacturing involves both fixed and variable costs. The price per PCB reduces with a reduced order due to the tooling cost involved. Fixed costs in PCB Board Assembly include:

  • Stencil-making cost
  • Design testing
  • Tooling
  • Many others

Different pricing strategies can help you reduce assembly costs. PCB design also affects assembly cost, so focus on it. Likewise, you should select the right manufacturer, in this case. Let’s discuss some proven ways and strategies which can help you have an economical PCB.

Consider Cost While Designing a PCB

Design is the first step of any PCB, so you should do it carefully in terms of cost. You must see if your design will have standard manufacturing or not. The DFM is important in this case, as it guides you about assembly costs and how to reduce them. The following design considerations can help you have a low-cost PCB.

  • The number of layers affects the PCB cost, so more layers mean an expensive board.
  • The type of vias is another element that affects a board’s cost. If the PCB has small diameter vias, its cost will increase. Similarly, a large number of vias also increase the PCB cost. You can reduce the board price by managing the via count without compromising the board function.
  • PCBs should have an appropriate size according to the assembly equipment. The design has to be functional and cover the required area. You can add panels only if they are essential. Smart devices have small and complex PCBs which are not cheap as many people think.
  • The shape of the PCB also can increase or decrease the cost. Traditional circuit boards are either square or rectangular, and they are economical. However, PCBs having special shapes are expensive.
  • The finishing material is another factor involved in PCB pricing. The surface finish helps in a better electrical function and also makes the soldering process effective.

You can also use other design strategies to reduce the PCB cost according to your experience.

BOM is Mandatory

You must have the bill of materials ready before PCB manufacturing and smt assembly. The BOM consists of materials, components, and assembly items. Makes sure that BOM has all important entries, such as

  • The Manufacturing Firm’s Name
  • Part Numbers
  • Components Quantity
  • Reference Designators
  • Notes Or Comments
  • Package
  • BOM Level
  • Footprints
  • Components Replacement
  • Some Others

You can also use the already available BOM template provided by assemblers and it can also help you get the right quotation. Don’t forget the component replacement while preparing the BOM, as advanced electronics result in the rapid upgrades of PCB components. The assembly time might prolong if you don’t find the replacement item, so they need an evaluation before time. A fast quote can help you have your PCB assembly faster.

Know the Component Distributors

You must know where to get cost-effective and durable components for a circuit board. You can also trust the manufacturer or assembler in this regard, as they know how to get cheap components at a wholesale price. Eventually, you can have a PCB within your budget. You can also ask the manufacturer to give you the invoice for all purchases.

Learn To Manage the PCB Volume

More PCBs mean a cost-effective assembly, as you can assemble them all with the same tools. Your order can be low, medium, or high, depending on your requirements.

Manage the Lead Time

Different assemblers calculate the lead time differently, and you should know what is more effective. You should also know if PCB manufacturing will start the same day when you pay or if it’s the order day, or else. Generally, a longer lead time will reduce the PCB price.

Check For Inspection Costs

Both designers and manufacturers test a PCB to see if it works well. If you are getting a testing service, be aware that its price will affect the final price of the board. Generally, the PCB inspection increases its final cost but you can control it by getting your product inspection service from the manufacturer. Individual PCB inspecting companies can cost you more, besides, it involves more effort.

You can have a product test according to your needs and design standards to ensure that it’s exactly what you want. Some inspection methods are as below:

  • Automated optical inspection
  • Visual test
  • Automated X-ray

You can choose whatever suits you according to the nature of the Printed Circuit Board like it can be simple or complex. In the case of high-volume production, you can inspect the initial or first article before a full-volume inspection. As it reveals the issues that you can resolve in the beginning and prevent big damage. Eventually, less money would waste, and you will have an effective circuit board. It would be better to have a long-term PCB assembler, instead of changing it quite often.

Select An Economical Assembler

  • There are many firms that offer PC Board assembly and manufacturing of which some charge very high, some are normal, and some are cheap. Try to select an assembler according to your budget without sacrificing the quality of the circuit board. Make sure the company is reliable and has professionals who can well handle the entire process.
  • You must check if the assembler has a proper certification in this field or if he is just a quack. Some standard certifications in the U.S. are UL, ISO9001, RoHS, and others.
  • Make sure the assembler uses advanced tools to create an effective PCB. As SMT is popular in this regard, it should be done with the right equipment.
  • The manufacturer should be capable enough to develop all types of PCBs, as some boards have complex designs. Moreover, he should be able to handle a large volume of production.
  • Make sure you get a design from a professional, instead of getting it from the manufacturer. A professional engineer should be your choice if you want a flawless and functional circuit board.
  • The labor cost is also important, especially in hand assembly which is often higher than the automated cost. Generally, the labor cost is low in Asian countries than in the U.S. or Europe.

What Drives The Fabrication Cost Of Printed Circuit Boards?

There are some core factors that drive the fabrication cost of a PCB, so you should consider them while calculating the manufacturing price, such as:

  • The type of plating can also increase the PCB cost. Like, OSP, ENIG, or immersion silver can increase the PCB cost, by up to more than 8%. Whereas tin-lead plating has standard prices.
  • Small vias increase the per PCB and tooling price
  • Smaller conductor means more cost
  • Heavy copper increases the PCB cost
  • The substrate materials like Roger’s can increase the PCB cost, whereas FR4 is cheap.
  • However, more boards mean less cost per PCB.
  • More components per board can also decrease the PCB cost.

What Drives The Assembly Cost Of Printed Circuit Boards?

Similarly, some factors drive the assembly cost of a PCB, and you should consider them while calculating the manufacturing price, such as:

  • The quantity of unique parts also affects the PCB pricing. Such as, if the unique components are more in quantity, they will increase the assembly cost. However, you can reduce it by ordering high-volume production.
  • The type of assembly also matters in calculating the PCB pricing. SMD can cost you 50% higher than a through-hole PCB assembly.
  • A double-sided circuit board costs more than a single-sided PCB as it goes through an assembly process twice. Moreover, the NRE price is also high for a double-sided assembly.
  • The cost of a single and a double-sided BGA becomes 20% higher than SMD and it is an additional cost as the premium cost is already there.
  • Hand assembly can cost you more than machine assembly, especially in larger productions. Whereas, automated assembly won’t make the cost double if the PCB order is doubled. Generally, automated assembly involves different types of costs, including machine programming.

However, these strategies don’t end here, as there are still so many other factors that can affect the total price of a PCB. You can also follow your own experiences in this case. You can easily manage the total cost of the circuit board if you know each process well, from design to assembly and the selection of the material.

Final Thoughts

Many factors can increase the PCB cost, but you can reduce it by following various strategies. Hand assembly can cost you more than machine assembly, especially in larger productions. The type of assembly also matters, such as SMD can cost you 50% higher than a through-hole PCB assembly. You should also select an assembler according to your budget without sacrificing the quality of the circuit board.

Would like to know more about the PCB pricing strategies or printed circuit board assembly? Email us at sales@pnconline.com

PC Board

Legend Printing- PC Board Fabrication Process

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If you’re looking for the most advanced and efficient PCB manufacturing process on the market, look no further than the legend printing-multilayer PCB manufacturing process. This new process is revolutionizing how printed circuit boards are manufactured, offering superior performance and reliability over traditional methods. In this article, we will discuss the benefits of this new process, how it works, and why it’s the best choice for your PCB manufacturing needs.

The legend printing of multilayer PCB is revolutionizing the way printed circuit boards are made. This cutting-edge manufacturing process is making it possible to create circuit boards that are more reliable, cost-effective, and easier to use than ever before. With this process, legend printing can provide customers with superior circuit boards for a wide range of applications.

What Is Legend Printing?

Legend printing is a specialized multilayer PCB manufacturing process that combines the benefits of advanced technologies such as laser direct imaging (LDI) and inkjet printing to produce high-quality printed circuit boards. The process creates layers of fine traces on the Printed Circuit Board, allowing for a high level of detail and accuracy, along with excellent signal integrity.

The key benefits of legend printing include increased resolution, trace widths down to 5 mils or less, a wide variety of solder mask and surface finish options, and minimal time required for prototyping and production. This makes it an ideal choice for high-density designs where reliability and performance are important.

The process starts with laser direct imaging (LDI), which involves a laser beam used to create the desired pattern on the PCB’s surface. Next, an inkjet-printed layer is applied to the board before it is processed through the reflow oven. Finally, a solder mask is applied and cured, providing a protective coating to the finished product.

Legend printing ensures a superior level of quality for multilayer PCBs, giving designers the confidence to push the boundaries in their design requirements. With its combination of advanced technologies, it’s a reliable and cost-effective solution for producing complex electronic components. It also offers quick turnaround times with many fabrication capabilities, including small batch sizes and quick turnarounds. It’s no wonder why many leading companies rely on this cutting-edge technology to get them from concept to market quickly and efficiently. Moreover, if you’re looking for top-notch prototype PCBs, you can’t go wrong with legend printing.

Inkjet printing has many benefits that other processes cannot match. It provides a quick turnaround, allowing projects to go into production quickly, and allows designers to produce from a single-layer board or up to 10-layer boards. It helps make use of acid-free and water-based inks that deliver rich blacks, sharp text, high gloss finishes, and precise graphics. However, these advantages can increase the printing price. Like, an inkjet printer starts at about $10,000 and requires a costly startup investment. When these costs are factored in with maintenance fees, servicing needs, and running costs like ink replacement, this solution could prove to be too pricey for many companies.

The Multilayer PCB Manufacturing Process

Legend printing involves an advanced automated production system to ensure consistent and reliable results for customers. Generally, the process starts with a substrate, which consists of several layers of epoxy resin-bonded copper foil. Manufacturers then use imaging equipment to print the design onto the substrate and etch away the excess copper.

Then, they apply a layer of insulation material over the etched copper layer, followed by the insertion of conductive vias which electrically connect the layers. Finally, a solder mask is applied to protect the board from any accidental damage.

Through a multilayer PCB manufacturing process, you can produce intricate designs with high levels of accuracy and repeatability. This helps to ensure that your product will perform as expected when it reaches its final destination. The versatility of a multilayer PC BOARD manufacturing process also means that you can work on a wide range of different products.

Some industries that use legend printing include automotive, telecommunications, and aerospace applications. Each of these markets demands unique requirements and specifications, but they all require reliability and dependability. To keep up with the demands of each industry, we have developed innovative solutions through our experience in research and development. For example, aircraft are very sensitive structures, so some companies offer low-volume and pre-production testing services using the RISC or a rapid prototyping service. With such a service, you can reduce the lead times for tooling; maintain quality control during assembly, and reduce the risk exposure during the production ramp-up time.

The Benefits Of Legend Printing

The Legend printing-multilayer PCB manufacturing process offers several benefits for businesses looking to create complex circuit boards. By using this process, industries can ensure very high quality and accurate production.

The first benefit of using this process is that it allows for smaller board components. By using a multilayer system, more complex circuits are easy to create on smaller boards. This makes the boards easier to package and transport, saving the companies time and money.

Moreover, by using the legend printing-multilayer PCB manufacturing process, businesses can produce boards with superior electrical performance. This process can achieve high levels of precision and accuracy, leading to fewer errors and better overall performance.

Finally, this process allows for faster turnaround times. By utilizing multiple layers of production, businesses can quickly assemble complex circuits and get their products to market faster. This ensures that companies remain competitive in their industries and are able to capitalize on market trends quickly.

Overall, the Legend printing-multilayer PCB manufacturing process is an excellent option for businesses looking to maximize efficiency and quality when creating complex circuit boards. By utilizing this process, you are confident that your products are of the highest quality and are produced as quickly as possible.

Why Choose Legend Printing For Your Multilayer PCBs?

When it comes to designing and manufacturing multilayer PCBs, choosing the right manufacturing process is essential. Legend printing is a leading provider of multilayer PCBs, offering a comprehensive range of services that can help you get the most out of your multilayer PCBs.

The best legend printing companies use state-of-the-art equipment and processes to ensure quality, reliability, and performance. Our advanced Circuit board fabrication process starts with a detailed design and layout phase, allowing us to create high-quality multilayer boards with accurate dimensions.

Expert engineers use advanced manufacturing techniques and equipment to fabricate the boards. After production, they subject each board to a rigorous quality assurance process to guarantee that it meets all of your specifications.

The result is a multilayer PCB that is reliable and performs as expected in any application. Engineers also use advanced testing and inspection techniques to ensure that every product is up to high standards of quality and performance. By hiring a good printing company, you can trust that your multilayer PCB will be delivered on time and meet all of your requirements.

What To Consider While Making Legend Prints

You have to consider a few things during legend printing, be it new or some modifications, such as:

  • Texts should have the same orientation in the entire board, like reference designator, part numbers, brand details, etc. You should arrange the text from top to bottom.
  • Manufacturers often have to deal with overlapping texts that need editing. You can avoid it by moving the reference designator to the right side.
  • Though you can add legend printing on both sides of the board, it becomes expensive. So, you can reduce the cost by using only one side.
  • Markings should have standard shapes and colors to have readable and low-cost printing.
  • You can reduce printing faults through measurements. Keeping the space a few mils can reduce the errors.
  • Avoid placing text in four directions as it can make repair complex.
  • The text should not overlap the holes or vias, or it will lose its significance.
  • Try not to write the text on the fast signal paths, as it can cause dielectric loss, affecting the impedance level.

Legend printing involves different text styles, depending on the circuit board manufacturer and customers. Designers should check the styles before sending the Gerber files to fabricators.

Final Thoughts

Legend printing is a specialized multilayer PCB manufacturing process that combines the benefits of advanced technologies such as laser direct imaging and inkjet printing to produce high-quality printed circuit boards. The process creates layers of fine traces on the PCB, allowing for a high level of detail and accuracy, along with excellent signal integrity. You have to consider certain things during legend printing.

The legend printing-multilayer PCB manufacturing process is an excellent option for businesses looking to maximize efficiency and quality when creating complex circuit boards. By utilizing this process, you are confident that your products are of the highest quality and are produced as quickly as possible. If you’re looking for a reliable and cost-effective solution for your multilayer PCB needs, then look no further than legend printing.

Would like to know more about legend printing or PC Board assembly? Email us at sales@pnconline.com.