Whatever we create, including a PC Board,is a picture or an idea that we convert to paper in the form of a diagram. You can’t proceed with manufacturing without a proper PCB layout or schematic. An electrical schematic is a conceptual plan or drawing that helps understand the physical aspect of a PCB in terms of assembly. The basic purpose of electrical schematicsis [1] to have design communication.It should help manufacturers clearly understand it.Besides, the schematic directs you to makea PCB layout. Schematics involve specific elements which are essential to understand, such as: REFDES or reference designates Symbols representing the components Outputs Nets To know schematics in detail, ...
Printed circuit boards [1] have holes made through drilling to electrically connect various PCB layers. Manufacturers have to fill vias with different materials which are conducive or non-conductive, including copper, epoxy, etc. Via filling helps reduce air or liquid trapping, thus enhancing a PCB’s function. If anything gets trapped in the hole, it would affect the PCB assembly at a high temperature which is essential for soldering without lead. Via Filling Through Via-In-Pad The via-in-pad is the latest technology to fill vias, however, it is more costly than the old methods, such as through-hole. HDI boards with micro-vias work better because of ...
Printed circuit boards come in different materials known as substrate, including copper-clad laminate or CCL. PCB substrates are either organic or inorganic, depending on their properties. The organic substrates come up in different materials known as the reinforced board, such as glass felt, fiberglass, fiber paper, fiber cloth, and so on. PCB fabricators impregnate there in forcing materials with an adhesive called resin, making it dry, and then cover it with copper foil at high pressure and temperature. Such a substrate is CCL or copper-clad laminate that resides on either one or both sides of the board. So, CCL is either ...
A microwave circuit refers to any electrical or electronic device which operates on microwaves or uses microwaves for its operation. Some examples include radar systems, satellite dishes, cell phone towers, and TV antennas among others. Such circuits are designed to operate at specific frequencies or bandwidths so that they do not interfere with each other. A microwave is an electromagnetic wave of frequency between 1GHz and 30GHz. It falls under the band B, C, D, and E in IEEE standards. Microwaves occupy a large part of the entire RF spectrum as compared to other frequencies. The global demand for communication devices ...
Whatever electronic and digital device you have, it depends on a printed circuit board for signals transmission to help it operate. These devices need a well-designed structure and manufacturing, but you have to encounter many issues in this case that we will discuss here. Any issue in the design of a PCB would cause delays in its manufacturing, so you must know how to avoid them. Similarly, some problems happen before the design that designers can avoid through proper strategies. PCB Issues before Its Design The designer should consider certain steps for a successful design, such as project management and its timeline. You ...