A microwave circuit refers to any electrical or electronic device which operates on microwaves or uses microwaves for its operation. Some examples include radar systems, satellite dishes, cell phone towers, and TV antennas among others. Such circuits are designed to operate at specific frequencies or bandwidths so that they do not interfere with each other. A microwave is an electromagnetic wave of frequency between 1GHz and 30GHz. It falls under the band B, C, D, and E in IEEE standards. Microwaves occupy a large part of the entire RF spectrum as compared to other frequencies. The global demand for communication devices ...
Smart devices should perform well to satisfy consumers who want high-density devices. The Surface mount technology or SMT helps develop high-end electronics. The process of SMT involves soldering which goes through different problems due to PCB pads, reflow technology, stencil design, quality of the soldering paste, and different technical parameters. SMT manufacturing involves many challenges and different design elements influence it. The supplier needs Gerber files and design data for the placement of components. Gerber files help configure different SMT manufacturing machines and develop stencils for placing the solder paste on the circuit board. The manufacturer and designer should discuss the ...
Back Drilling is a way to remove the copper barrel’s stub from the through-hole. A stub is an unused part of the plated-through holes as it does not perform any function on the circuit, so it’s not needed. For example, while producing a 12-layer PCB you have to make a hole to connect the first to 10th layers. In general, via holes are drilled and then copper plating happens which connects the first layer to the 12 layers, whereas you only have to connect the first layer to the tenth layer. The part from the 11 to 12 layer is useless as ...
As the electronic industry is growing day by day, the demand for better and efficient printed circuit boards is also increasing. With a massive growth in wearable technology, printed circuit boards need to be of high quality and accurately designed to perform well. As we know that every electronic device either large or small, completely relies on the printed circuit board. They function as the heart of any device. Any digital gadget you are using in your daily life, either it's your smartphone or your smartwatch, or maybe a digital calculator or most probably a digital clock, this all is ...
The process of data acquisition is known as signal processing. This acquisition is done by an instrument which is known as the signal conditioner. There is a conversion of signals that happened in this process. The signal conditioner converts the signal from one form such as electrical or mechanical to another form. The input signal is converted into the output signal in the signal conditioning process. Now the question may arise why do we need to convert the input signal into an output signal? The simple answer is that the signal needs to be amplified. This amplification helps the signal to ...